![]() The complex network of interactions between gastrointestinal (GI) helminths of ruminant livestock and their vertebrate hosts has been the subject of intense research over the past several decades, owing to the increasing demand for novel and sustainable methods of parasite control in the face of widespread anthelmintic resistance. circumcincta ESPs, likely mediated by molecules with antimicrobial activity. Our data points towards a bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic function of T. coli to whole ESPs resulted in a significant reduction of colony-forming units over 3 h, bacterial growth was not reduced following exposure to worm EVs or EV-depleted ESPs. Several molecules with putative antimicrobial activity were identified in both EVs and EV-depleted ESPs from adult T. circumcincta EVs and of whole and EV-depleted ESPs against Escherichia coli were evaluated using bacterial growth inhibition assays. Proteomic analysis of EVs and EV-depleted ESPs was conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and prediction of putative AMPs was performed using available online tools. circumcincta ESPs, followed by EV characterisation via nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Size-exclusion chromatography was applied to the isolation of EVs from whole T. circumcincta EVs, and whole and EV-depleted ESPs, using bacterial growth inhibition assays. In the current study, we (i) undertake proteomic analyses of the excretory-secretory products (ESPs), including secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), of the ‘brown stomach worm’ Teladorsagia circumcincta, one of the major agents causing parasite gastroenteritis in temperate areas worldwide (ii) conduct bioinformatic analyses to identify and characterise antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with putative antimicrobial activity and (iii) assess the bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic properties of T. ![]() Over the past decade, evidence has emerged of the ability of gastrointestinal (GI) helminth parasites to alter the composition of the host gut microbiome however, the mechanism(s) underpinning such interactions remain unclear. ![]()
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